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: : : I am interested in the question of interpretation of Kondratievs waves. : : There has been a problem of interpretation : : most notably in the work of Ernest Mandel . The long waves : : have been given an almost exclusively technological/economistic explanatory underpinning. : : Mandel divided them into three stages. Industrial revolution,the motor car and then information : : technology under late capitalism each marking successive stages or waves.The problem is : : that there has always been an interaction between : : political events and economic change, something : : Leon Trotsky did not miss in his examination of Kondratievs long waves in the book.The first five years of the communist international volume 1. e.g. The great boom : : of 1873-1896 was preceded by the defeat of the Paris commune in 1871. There is a correlation between industrial figures in 1913 which are high : : and the outbreak of the first world war. : : One could take it further.The events of : : May 1968 in France coincide with the coming to fruition of the post war baby boom and the beginning of a decline in industrial production/ security. The point is that what : : is crudely called boom and bust coincides with : : political dates. This has always been the case. : : The defeat of the 1848 revolutions resulted in : : recession and low levels of cl struggle until 1873. Marx accordingly confined himself to the library to write capital. : : Low levels of cl struggle in the last twenty years arose out of : : m unemployment , and the salami style defeat : : of key sections of the working cl ,most notably in Great Britain and America under Thatcher and Reagan.

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